31,34,35 If the limitations generated by the sensitivity of this chemistry to stoichiometry are recognized, chain extension can be used as another probe for functionality. Condensation-type, chain-extension reactions which result in an increase in molecular weight have traditionally been utilized to evaluate functionality, especially for difunctional, telechelic polymers. For example, if a given functional group cannot be readily identified, chemical transformations can provide a useful analytical procedure.
![alcohol functional group alcohol functional group](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SL_pSK-5chk/maxresdefault.jpg)
32,33 These transformations and their quantitative evaluation are subject to the same limitations as discussed above.
![alcohol functional group alcohol functional group](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/functionalgroups-181002183728-thumbnail-4.jpg)
Pickel, in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 2012 6.10.2.1.2 Chemical reactionsįunctional groups often undergo chain extension reactions 30,31 or further reactions to generate other functional groups which can then be quantitatively evaluated. Otherwise, the reader is encouraged to regard claims of quantitative functionalization with the healthy skepticism which they deserve.
![alcohol functional group alcohol functional group](http://www.4college.co.uk/as/df/alcohols1.gif)
1,79,81 Provided the limitations generated by the sensitivity of this chemistry to stoichiometry are recognized, chain extension can be used as another probe for functionality.Īlthough there are serious problems associated with the determination of the functionality and purity of functionalized polymers, careful investigators will endeavor to provide as much experimental confirmation as possible for the efficiency of functionalization procedures and the purity of the functionalized polymers. Condensation-type, chain extension reactions which result in an increase in molecular weight have traditionally been utilized to evaluate functionality, especially for difunctional, telechelic polymers. 44,83 These transformations and their quantitative evaluation are subject to the same limitations as discussed above. Quirk, in Comprehensive Polymer Science and Supplements, 1989 5.1.2.7 Chemical reactionsįunctional groups often undergo chain extension reactions 79,81 or further reactions to generate other functional groups which can then be quantitatively evaluated. In addition, it has also been found that the high adsorption capacity of Hg 0 is related to the lower phenol/carbonyl ratio. The phenolic group in BPL-AR is more than the phenolic group in WPL-AR, indicating that the phenolic group can prevent Hg 0 adsorption. There are lactones and carbonyl groups in WPL-AR compared to lactones and carbonyl groups in BPL-AR. WPL-AR was found to have a higher Hg 0 adsorption capacity than BPL-AR. The functional group amounts and mercury adsorption capacities of different samples, including heat treatment (1200 K) in N 2, air oxidation (693 K), and nitric acid (6 N HNO 3) in two ACs (BPL, WPL), are shown in Tables 8.2 and 8.3. studied the effect of chemical properties of ACs on mercury adsorption. So far, the structure of alkaline oxides is still unclear, and there is much controversy in this regard.
![alcohol functional group alcohol functional group](https://kpu.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/139/2020/10/alcohol-category.png)
Representative surface acidic functional groups are carbonyl, carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, and lactone groups. The functional groups are mainly classified into acidic and basic functional groups. Functional groups (e.g., carboxyl groups, carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, and lactones) on the AC surface affect Hg 0 adsorption capacity.